DECISION MAKING: IDENTIFY POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS AND INTERVIEW WITH EXPERTS

 

1. Problem Solving Process

Preventing accidents and fatalities is easy when you know what to do.

Sometimes it's the obvious things that can have the largest impact. You know the statistics you've taken the classes and you're ready to drive. But what about all those facts that say teen drivers are most likely to have an accident?

If you follow these common sense steps, you will be taking the most important steps to ensuring you avoid an accident.

1. Develop the right attitude about driving. Many teen auto accidents are a result of attitude and maturity, not skills or knowledge. Make a commitment to yourself to practice a responsible attitude about driving. You're controlling over 3,000 pounds of fast-moving metal, and you owe it to yourself, your passengers and other drivers to drive responsibly.

 

2. Get as much supervised practice driving as possible. Your parents should take an active role in your practice driving. Make a firm schedule with them and stick to it. And keep it up until you take your test to get a license.
   Many states now have graduated licensing laws. To learn about the laws in your state visit the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

 

3. Always wear your safety belt. Get into the habit of wearing a safety belt whenever you are in a car, whether as a driver or a passenger - no exceptions.

 

4. Underage drinking and drug use is illegal. Even if you've consumed only one drink or smoked one joint, there is a chemical effect on your brain that can impair judgment and reaction time. Driving under the influence of alcohol, marijuana or other drugs can cost you your license - or your life. Visit Above the Influence for more facts on drug use.

 

5. Limit your passengers. The risk of a fatal crash increases with every additional passenger. When you're a new driver, it is best to limit your number of passengers.

 

6. Limit your night driving. The risk of a fatal crash is three times higher at night than in the day for every mile driven. It's better to avoid night time driving until you're comfortable driving during the day.

 

7. Keep it slow and safe for starters. Fast-moving, high volumes of traffic can make you feel uncomfortable, so avoid them until you can get enough supervised driving experience. Then you can gradually introduce more difficult driving situations, like highway driving, merging and driving in cities.

 

8. Train for poor weather conditions. Even when you begin to feel confident driving on dry pavement, it's best to avoid driving in bad weather conditions unsupervised. Keep it simple at first, and get as much supervised practice driving in poor weather as you can before trying it on your own.

 

9. Cell phones are for emergency use only on the road. One of the worst habits anyone can get into is talking on a cell phone while driving. Keep a cell phone with you in the car for emergency situations only. If you have to use a cell phone, pull safely over to the side of the road.

 

10. Drive a safe vehicle. If you are thinking of getting your own car, look for one with high safety ratings. Avoid small cars, trucks or sport utility vehicles. Check out federal statistics and consumer report literature to help to evaluate the safety rating of a car or truck. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (the people who do the crash tests) offers valuable vehicle and safety test advisories.

CREATE NEW IDEA

Based on all information from reading exercises and expert interviews. The other prevention we can do is;

1. Cell phones are for emergency use only on the road. One of the worst habits anyone can get into is talking on a cell phone while driving. Keep a cell phone with you in the car for emergency situations only. If you have to use a cell phone, pull safely over to the side of the road.

2. Drive a safe vehicle. If you are thinking of getting your own car, look for one with high safety ratings. Avoid small cars, trucks or sport utility vehicles. Check out federal statistics and consumer report literature to help to evaluate the safety rating of a car or truck. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (the people who do the crash tests) offers valuable vehicle and safety test advisories.

3. Keep alert at all times. This is highlighted to the pedestrian, the common accident occurs when the pedestrian is not focused during crossing the road. As an example they are using their phone or chatting with each other. As a result, it's giving them distraction and leading to accidents. So put them away when you are walking because you need both your eyes and ears to be vigilant on the road.

4. Avoid tailgating. Drivers following too closely behind the vehicle in front of them is a common cause for rear-end collisions. The driver should keep their distance at least 2 second behind the vehicle in front of you, this will help you recognise the different stopping distances for vehicles of different weights and sizes.

The best prevention for accident is;

1. Develop the right attitude about driving. Many teen auto accidents are a result of attitude and maturity, not skills or knowledge. Make a commitment to yourself to practice a responsible attitude about driving. You're controlling over 3,000 pounds of fast-moving metal, and you owe it to yourself, your passengers and other drivers to drive responsibly.

2. Always wear your safety belt. Get into the habit of wearing a safety belt whenever you are in a car, whether as a driver or a passenger - no exceptions.

3. Limit your night driving. The risk of a fatal crash is three times higher at night than in the day for every mile driven. It's better to avoid night time driving until you're comfortable driving during the day.

4. Cell phones are for emergency use only on the road. One of the worst habits anyone can get into is talking on a cell phone while driving. Keep a cell phone with you in the car for emergency situations only. If you have to use a cell phone, pull safely over to the side of the road.

5. Drive a safe vehicle. If you are thinking of getting your own car, look for one with high safety ratings. Avoid small cars, trucks or sport utility vehicles. Check out federal statistics and consumer report literature to help to evaluate the safety rating of a car or truck. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (the people who do the crash tests) offers valuable vehicle and safety test advisories.

6. Keep alert at all times. This is highlighted to the pedestrian, the common accident occurs when the pedestrian is not focused during crossing the road. As an example they are using their phone or chatting with each other. As a result, it's giving them distraction and leading to accidents. So put them away when you are walking because you need both your eyes and ears to be vigilant on the road.

7. Avoid tailgating. Drivers following too closely behind the vehicle in front of them is a common cause for rear-end collisions. The driver should keep their distance at least 2 second behind the vehicle in front of you, this will help you recognise the different stopping distances for vehicles of different weights and sizes.

 

SEARCH FOR INFORMATION, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOR SOLUTIONS (Relevance Information and references)

 

SOLUTIONS TO PREVENT CAR ACCIDENTS

1. Reduce speed limit

The global community is investing in motor transportation systems especially private vehicles on a large scale. While the automobile industry provides advantages, it has negative effects including high number of casualties due to road accidents. As the COVID-19 pandemic began to rise, it was suddenly time to ‘return’ the streets of the city to its inhabitants. Therefore, it is important to limit the speed of motor vehicles at the current rate of other users such as pedestrians and cyclists mixed in the normal traffic flow.

https://www.bharian.com.my/rencana/komentar/2021/07/845117/kurangkan-had-kelajuan-lindungi-pengguna-jalan-raya

2. Use public transportation

Public transport services are seen to be much safer than any private transport available in the country. Road Safety Specialist, Professor Dr. Kulanthayan KC Mani said, it is following that public transport was identified to contribute the least number of deaths due to road accidents. He said that for 2019, the number of road accidents reported in the country was 567,516 cases and did not rule out the number if mixed with unreported road accident cases may have recorded a higher figure. “If broken down by seconds, one case of a road accident is reported to occur every 55 seconds in the country and that is the magnitude of the problem.

https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/88220/BERITA/Nasional/Pengangkutan-awam-lebih-selamat 

3. Keep the distance when driving

Maintaining a safe distance while driving is essential for safe travel. It not only applies to cars driving behind you only, but it also serves as a reminder to you not to follow the car in front of you too closely.

https://bjak.my/blog/cara-untuk-kekal-jarak-selamat-ketika-memandu-di-jalan-raya/

4. Follow the rules

Every law that has been made is for our own safety. In other words, we have to follow the rules and we have to do our best to avoid frequent accidents. In addition, we can reduce road accidents by introducing heavy penalties for traffic offenses. Authorities can increase summonses for drivers who break the rules. Each offender is required to pay a summons. If they can’t make the payment, they will send it to jail. This will prevent the public from committing the offense a second time for fear of the punishment that has been made.

https://mediapermata.com.bn/sentiasa-hati-hati-patuhi-peraturan-jalan-raya/

5. Scheduled maintainance

Every driver should be advised to take good care of their vehicle. We need to make sure our vehicle is in good condition and fix it as early as possible before traveling. It is better to be surprised and realize something is wrong while we are in the garage, than to realize the same thing while we are driving. If we are unsure of our own mobile car engineering skills, we should check our vehicle problems with the help of a mechanic. We should service our vehicles regularly as recommended by the manufacturer.

https://www.bharian.com.my/wanita/lain-lain/2019/09/603750/tingkat-pengetahuan-selenggara-kenderaan

SEARCH FOR INFORMATION, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOR SOLUTIONS (Synthesis and evaluation)

 STRENGHT AND WEAKNESS OF SOLUTIONS FOR ROAD ACCIDENT IN MALAYSIA

SOLUTION	STRENGHT	WEAKNESS
Reduce speed limit	Protect other road users	Causing a serious accident like death or severe disability
Use public transportation	·         Reduce traffic congestion ·         Save on daily expenses	·         Lack of investors and buyers in private vehicles ·         Long term / period of time
Keep the distance while driving	Be at a safe distance if use the emergency brake.	Did not have time to use the brakes because it was too close
Follow the rules	·         People more aware of rules from government ·         Transportation on the road can run smoothly	Every offender is compulsory to pay the summons for drivers who break the rules
Scheduled maintainance	Prevents continuous damage that is difficult to repair	·         Women are easily manipulated ·         Highly charged  ·         Exchanged unnecessary spare parts

IDENTIFY PROBLEM

What main situation or issues problem behind the topic?

Road Accidents and Fatalities in Malaysia

A road accident, often known as a "traffic collision" or a "motor vehicle accident," happens when a moving vehicle collides with another vehicle, a stationary object, a person, or an animal on a highway. These are seen as unanticipated and regrettable occurrence that poses a major threat to both the community and the authorities. Car accidents have major effects, including property damage and severe injuries or death in certain cases. All these things are going to cost a lot of money.

In terms of the method used to track road crashes and deaths, there are two types of crash data gathering. The Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) has authorised one and the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Study has conducted research on the other (MIROS). RMP's investigation is based on the Road Transport Act of 1987 and covers all levels of collision severity on the spot. MIROS is a research-based technique to identify crash and injury variables that include human, engineering, and environmental elements, using two criteria: retrospective and on-the-spot analysis.

                                        Figure 1: Malaysia Road Accident 2010 - 2019

Figure 2: Malaysia Road Fatalities 2010 - 2019​​

Covid effect on road accidents

COVID-19 hit the world in 2020, and most governments used innovative methods to stop it from spreading, such as issuing a movement restriction order that prohibited inter-state travel. To combat the spread of COVID-19, Malaysia implemented the Movement Control Order (MCO) and Standard Operation Producers (SOP). In the early phases, commercial activities other than necessary business were permitted, and in the later stages, the government supported the use of a work-from-home system. In addition, schools and universities were shuttered, and home-based teaching and learning became the norm. COVID-19, in a nutshell, has impeded economic progress while also having a significant social impact. Nonetheless, reduced human mobility and commercial activity have provided the ecosystem with much-needed rest for it to recuperate.

The MCO has had a good influence on the reduction of road accident cases in Malaysia by restricting industrial activity and people's mobility on the road. For the first time since 1990, the rate of traffic accidents decreased significantly in 2020. The number of road accidents decreased by 26.3 percent in 2020 (to 418,237 incidents), compared to a 3.4 percent increase in 2019 (to 149,279 instances). Furthermore, 4,634 deaths were reported due to vehicle accidents in 2020, compared to 6,167 deaths the previous year. During the implementation of the MCO, there was a reduction of 1,533 fatalities.

Selangor had the most road accidents in 2020, with 123,230 occurrences, a reduction of 26.7 percent from the previous year (168,222 cases). Johor (58,207 instances) and W.P. Kuala Lumpur came in second and third, respectively (50,215 cases). Perlis (1,615 instances), Terengganu (9,152 cases), and Kelantan were the three states with the lowest number of road accident cases (9,752 cases).

Why or reason for the issue 

Accidents are caused by a variety of factors, including inattention, irresponsible driving, a lack of sufficient protection, speeding, bad personal habits, social and behavioural misbehaviour, and impolite drivers of larger cars. Motorcycle fatal accidents (60 percent) are a major source of worry in Malaysia. The vulnerable age category includes young children and older individuals.

Because of the large number of victims involved and the significance of the repercussions for individuals and their families, road traffic accidents are now regarded as a major public health hazard.

Driving Drunk or Under the Influence

Following a string of tragic road incidents involving drivers suspected of driving while drunk with alcohol, drink driving has resurfaced as a hot subject in Malaysia.

Drink driving incidents resulted in 539 people being critically hurt from 2011 to 2018, according to the same Transport Ministry statistics, and 595 people suffering minor injuries during the same eight-year period.

Beating the Red Light

Many drivers are unaware that the red signal does not indicate a need to accelerate. Its purpose is to encourage cars to slow down. When you consider that over half a million summonses were issued in KL in 2021 for running a red light, you can see how frequent the offence is. The dangers are not worth taking seriously.

Oleh Ahmad Hasbi - Mei 26, 2022 @ 5:23pm bhnews@bh.com.my

SEREMBAN: A Form Five student died after he was believed to have violated a red traffic light before crashing into a lorry while on his way to school at the Jalan Tunku Kursiah intersection, here, this morning.

Seremban District Police Chief, Assistant Commissioner Nanda Maarof said, in the incident at 8.45 am, the victim suffered severe head injuries and was confirmed dead at the scene.

"The accident involved a Honda RS150 motorcycle ridden by a 17 -year -old boy who is also a secondary school student in Sikamat was moving directly from Seremban towards Sikamat.

“Upon arriving at the scene, the victim was a motorcyclist suspected of ignoring a red traffic light.

How the problem happened

Our country is one of the countries with the highest number of deaths as a result

high accident. Road accidents have not only been devastating but also devastating

environment and facilities available on the road. So, there are many

the causes that we should study to understand the problem of road accidents so

can reduce this accident rate.

In general, what we can conclude as the cause of traffic accidents is due to the attitude of the individual himself. Although not all, but there are a handful of drivers or motorists who only think of themselves without caring about others. These people may think that they are a very efficient and prudent road user when in fact they are not.

It is enough for only one road user to behave like that, then the risk of accidents on the road that occur will increase even higher.

In our country, however, it can be observed that many individuals are irresponsible when they are on the road!

Reference: 

• https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/kes/2022/05/959640/langgar-lampu-isyarat-pelajar-tingkatan-5-maut-rempuh-lori
• https://www.mot.gov.my/en/land/safety/road-accident-and-facilities

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

CAUSE OF ROAD ACCIDENT 

Accidents on the road can involve a range of scenarios. This could be from vehicle to vehicle, cars with pedestrians, trucks with motorcycles and much more. Off late, there have been many recorded accidents in Malaysia with the latest news as a tragedy that has shocked the nation. These are accidents that could have been avoided, as many are caused by human error and the complete lack of responsibility on affected parties.

•    The road with potholed.  Damaged and potholed road conditions can also lead to road accidents.  When a person is driving at high speed, a potholed or damaged road will cause the car to overturn and cause an accident.

•    There are objects on the road.  In addition to damaged roads, the presence of objects on the road is also the most frequent cause of road accidents.  Imagine if the driver was driving at high speed, suddenly there was a horizontal stick in the middle of the road.  Drivers may slip as a result of trying to avoid hitting the stick, or bounce as a result of collision.

•    The driver followed the vehicle in front too closely.  Following a vehicle in front too closely can also lead to a road accident.  If the vehicle brakes suddenly, the vehicle behind does not have enough space to avoid a collision.

•    Negligent.  The next cause of road accidents is negligence.  Driving in an unfocused and careless state will lead to road accidents.  Negligence is the leading cause of road accidents in Malaysia.

•    Eat while driving.  Eating while driving will distract your focus while driving.  Just like using a cell phone.  Especially if the driver eats gravy foods where he has to be careful that it doesn’t spill.  The brain will not focus on driving because it does multitasking.

•    Use the emergency lane.  The emergency lane is for emergency purposes.  Using emergency lanes during traffic jams can lead to road accidents.  In fact, it will also cause ambulances and firefighters to not be able to reach the accident area.  It is usually done by drivers who are impatient and do not follow the rules of the road.

•    Cut in twin lines.  The double line is the area where you are prohibited from cutting.  Usually, the twin lines are in dangerous areas and accidents often occur.  The habit of cutting in double lines is very dangerous and can lead to road accidents.  This is because in twin lines we usually cannot see vehicles from opposite directions.

•    Exit the intersection recklessly without signal.  Leaving the intersection recklessly is very dangerous.  Drivers should wait until the road is completely empty before exiting the junction so as not to endanger all road users.

•    Animal Trails.  Most of the farm animals that are left to roam are very annoying to road users.  Even more so the village area which has many animal breeders such as cows, goats, buffaloes and many more.  So, the animal has a high potential to cross and be hit by a driver who is driving at high speed.

In conclusion, we should all see the road as a place that needs deep focus.  The accident that occurs will not only inconvenience the driver but others especially the victims involved.  As drivers we must see driving as a big responsibility and must be implemented as well as possible.  This responsible attitude can also be complemented by ensuring that every vehicle driven is covered by proper insurance.

Reference:

https://seriousaccidents.com/legal-advice/top-causes-of-car-accidents/

https://www.google.com/search?q=newspaper+Accidents+on+the+Road&client=safari&channel=iphone_bm&prmd=inv&sxsrf=ALiCzsa5MjyhHmBtATcsG_Ylfy820lrr8w:1654183833870&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSj77-io_4AhWpR2wGHXpdDXAQ_AUoAXoECAIQAQ&biw=414&bih=719&dpr=3#imgrc=nA-mDx_UHVc5gM

SELF INTRODUCTION AND GROUP MEMBERS

 

STEP 1

Self-Introduction 

Muhammad Harith bin Zawadi

Gender: Male

Race: Malay

Faculty: FIM

About myself: My nickname is Harith, I was born and raised in Kelantan. My last education is SMK Cherang Ruku for my STPM and persue my bachelor at UMP in Industry Technology Management. I am a shy person but very cheerful with my friend. I love cycling and enjoy fishing. I always wanted to doing different thing everyday to gaining my experience at all thing.

 

My strength is I always take the challenge given to me although I'm a shy person, but I'm being a leader for my group assignment most of the subject for this semester. This is helping me overcome my shyness when facing various person in the future. This also can be opportunity to me to being a better person with responsible.

 

Aniq Izzuddin 

Gender: Male

Race: Malay

Faculty: FIM

About myself: I'm Aniq, and it's my pleasure to introduce myself. I was born in Kuantan, Pahang and grew up in Pekan. I did my schooling at UTM and am now pursuing my Bachelor from UMP.

My strength is that I am always ready to take up new challenges and strive for excellence. This is because success and failures are the best way to sculpt ourselves to reach our goals. And I believe in myself and my challenging work, and I want fulfillment in everything. 

My short-term goal is to achieve excellence in the skills I'm mastering, take up a challenge in some good organizations, and climb the ladder of success. However, my long-term goal is to be a renowned technical engineer in an organization and reach the highest level of success. My moral is never to intend to harm anyone on purpose.

Nur Amalin Husna 

Gender: Female

Race: Malay

Faculty: FIM

About myself: My name is Nur Amalin Husna Binti Ahmad and I’m 21 years old. I was born and raised in Kelantan. Now, I studied at University Malaysia Pahang and pursuing a Bachelor of Industrial Technology Management.

The most thing I really like to do during my weekend is I love to go out to see the nature I mean I love to spend myself alone and see the nature like walking to the beach or hiking sometimes. It was like a therapy for myself. Actually, I’m really not into people because I enjoy myself being alone. I would call myself an introvert person for sure because I want to make time for myself and no one can really hurt me. Sometimes it being so boring but I don’t really care about that. I do have a friends and we always hangout together but I prefer myself being alone.

My strength is I can be so independent person and not depending on people. I love my life and it bring me happiness. 

Nur Syasya

Gender: Female

Race: Malay

Faculty: FIM

About myself: My name is Nur Syasya binti Samso. I'm 21 years old. I was born in Pahang but raised in Terengganu. I studied Bachelor of Industrial Technology Managment at Universiti Malaysia Pahang.

Things I like to do things I haven’t tried before. This is because I want to try new things. But I don’t much like things that are too dangerous like riding a high bridge, that makes me afraid to look down. I also like to imagine about my future like I will be a successful person. Everything is not impossible for me because it is one of my ways to be more diligent in my studies. 

My strength is that I like to be independent when there is no place to depend on. I can manage myself without bothering people around me.

Nurul Farahanis binti Abdul Aziz

Gender: Female

Race: Malay

Faculty: FIM

About myself: My name is Nurul Farahanis binti Abdul Aziz and I am 21 years old. I was born in Johor but raised in Pahang since I was 7 years old. My hobby is surfing the internet, listening to songs and watching talk shows on youtube like Wanita Hari Ini, Malaysia Hari Ini and many more. This is because I can add a little bit of knowledge about current issues when I watch it.

Besides, I also love spending time with my family. Apart from my parents, I also live with my elderly grandmother. So, our relationship very close. When my parents work, I would take care of my grandmother. Every evening, we would spend time together, chatting and eating. This thing has become a part of my life and become my hobby without realizing it. The day will not be complete without doing this, because it has become a daily routine of my life. I also love spending time with my best friends. We will definitely be sightseeing and eating together to share stories and opinions. 

One lesson I always remember in life is to keep appreciating the time and opportunity as long as we can, because we don’t know when it will end and so we don’t regret it later. Cherish anyone precious in our lives before they leave us.

TOPIC SELECTION

STEP 1 

Our project's theme was chosen during a brainstorming session.

The main topic for our project: 

• Road Accidents in Malaysia
• 
  
  
  

We've gathered to discuss the causes of traffic accidents. In today's Malaysia, road accidents are relatively regular. Every time we open the newspaper, we see at least two people who have died or have been hospitalized due to traffic accidents. On the other side, it implies that individuals lose loved ones such as spouses, family members, and so on every year. There are many different sorts of vehicles on the road, such as motorcycles, buses, cars, taxis, and freight trucks, and many people carry those vehicles with them whether they are going on a short or long trip since we all rely on vehicles to get from one place to another.

• Malaysia, as we all know, is a multicultural country with many different religions. Various religious festivals, such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Chinese New Year, Deepavali, and others, will be observed. Almost every Malaysian will return to their hometown to celebrate. In comparison to a typical day, traffic accidents will occur more frequently during festival season. There are several reasons of road accidents, including driver conduct, technical failure, road conditions, and weather. As Malaysians, we must find ways to minimise the frequency of traffic accidents.

GROUP FORMATION AND ROLE ASSIGNING

 

The chart on group formation

1. MUHAMMAD HARITH BIN ZAWADI (Leader)

• The person in charge of managing all operations within a team, as well as evaluating goals

2. MUHAMMAD ANIQ IZZUDDIN BIN MOHD LOTPEY (Co-Leader)

• Assist in problem-solving in the group and prioritize responses from group members. Setting clear team goals and evaluating progress along the way allows teams to work collaboratively.

3. NUR AMALIN HUSNA BINTI AHMAD (Editor)

• Edit and fix several issues in blogs and discussions and provide ideas for improving the blog

4. NUR SYASYA BINTI SAMSO (Appointment manager)

• Create and start group discussions via WhatsApp about the issues that want to prioritize. Meeting with team members might help to figure out what's causing the problem and contribute to a solution.

5. NURUL FARAHANIS BINTI ABDUL AZIZ (Adviser)

• Give advice on improving or enhancing things that are in the blog for better output and avoid many sources of conflict by properly designating assignments.